Approximately 30% of all AML cases are made up of secondary AML (sAML) subtypes t-AML and AML-MRC and are associated with a poor prognosis1-3
Therapy-related AML (t-AML): ~4% to 10% of all AML cases1,2
WHO defines t-AML as AML that arises from prior cytotoxic therapy or ionizing radiotherapy for an unrelated disease or prior cancer4,5
Prior malignancies associated with t-AML3,a
- Distribution of previous disease in 203 patients with t-AML regardless of treatment intent. Data from a national, population-based study of 3055 patients diagnosed with AML from 2000 to 2013 in Denmark.3
Granfeldt Østgård LS, et al. Epidemiology and clinical significance of secondary and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia: a national population-based cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(31):3641-3649. Reprinted with permission. © 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved.
AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC): ~25% of all AML cases1
WHO defines AML-MRC as ≥20% blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow and ANY of the following4,6:
- Complex karyotype (3 or more abnormalities).4
- Unbalanced abnormalities: -7/del(7q), del(5q)/t(5q), i(17q)/t(17p), -13/del(13q), del(11q), del(12p)/t(12p), idic(X)(q13).4
- Balanced abnormalities: t(11;16)(q23.3;p13.3), t(3:21)(q26.2;q22.1), t(1;3)(p36.3;q21.2), t(2;11)(p21;q23.3), t(5;12)(q32;p13.2), t(5;7)(q32;q11.2), t(5;17)(q32;p13.2), t(5;10)(q32;q21.2), t(3;5)(q25.3;q35.1).4
It is critical to identify sAML prior to treatment3
A patient’s medical history or further testing can reveal an sAML diagnosis7
For patients with MDS or MDS/MPN, proactive monitoring of peripheral blood counts, along with bone marrow morphology, can help identify changes that suggest progression to AML8
Approximately 78% of patients with AML-MRC DO NOT present with a documented history of MDS or MDS-MPN and may require further morphologic and genetic analyses for an accurate diagnosis7,9
Among the most common genetic abnormalities found in the unfavorable cytogenetic risk group in AML are -7/del(7q) and -5/del(5q)10,11